General Prerequisites: There are no essential prerequisites but familiarity with the basic theory of groups, rings, vector spaces, modules and topological spaces would be very useful, and other topics such as Algebraic Geometry, Algebraic Topology, Homological Algebra and Representation Theory are relevant. Category Theory also has links with Logic and Set Theory, but this course will not stress those links.
Course Overview: Category theory brings together many areas of pure mathematics (and also has close links to logic and to computer science). It is based on the observation that many mathematical topics can be unified and simplified by using descriptions in terms of diagrams of arrows; the arrows represent functions of suitable types. Moreover many constructions in pure mathematics can be described in terms of 'universal properties' of such diagrams.
The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to category theory using a host of familiar examples, to explain how these examples fit into a categorical framework and to use categorical ideas to make new constructions.
Learning Outcomes: Students will have developed a thorough understanding of the basic concepts and methods of category theory. They will be able to work with commutative diagrams, naturality and universality properties and adjoint functors, and to apply categorical ideas and methods in a wide range of areas of mathematics.
Course Synopsis: Introduction: universal properties in linear and multilinear algebra.
Categories, functors, natural transformations. Examples including categories of sets, groups, rings, vector spaces and modules, topological spaces. Groups, monoids and partially ordered sets as categories. Opposite categories and the principle of duality. Covariant, contravariant, faithful and full functors. Equivalences of categories.
Adjoints: definition and examples including free and forgetful functors and abelianisations of groups. Adjunctions via units and counits, adjunctions via initial objects.
Representables: definitions and examples including tensor products. The Yoneda lemma and applications.
Limits and colimits, including products, equalizers, pullbacks and pushouts. Monics and epics. Interaction between functors and limits.
Monads and comonads, algebras over a monad, Barr-Beck monadicity theorem (proof not examinable). The category of affine schemes as the opposite of the category of commutative rings.
